Program: GN-2018A-Q-118

At the inauguration of the Gemini Large Programs and through 2017A, the Colours of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey was the number one ranked program on Gemini-North. The goal of the program is to create the first brightness-complete, compositional-dynamical map of the outer Solar System. This map will provide a powerful lever from which the exact migration history of the gas-giant planets can be determined. The program has had great success to date, though we experienced massive weather losses during 2015 and 2016 equating to more than 60 hours lost. From the original request, the TAC could only award 3 of the original 4 year request. As such, buffering of the massive weather losses was not possible, and as a result, we remain incomplete. We request 38.2 hours to observe 9 targets and complete the survey’s E-block. By doing so, we will increase the brightness complete sample sample from 47 to 79 targets. Beyond nearly doubling the sample from which unbiased population statistics can be drawn, by virtue of the dynamically quiescent objects found in in E-block, completion of this block will provide a particularly powerful lever to measure the smooth migration phases experienced by Neptune.